In Tibetan this art is called dul-tson-kyil-khor, which literally means "mandala of colored powders."
A symbol of wholeness
Traditionally, Tibetan Buddhists use sand mandalas as visualization aids for meditation during certain religious ceremonies.
The subject of a Tibetan sand painting is known in Sanskrit as a mandala, or cosmogram, of which there are many types. The mandala represents an imaginary palace that is contemplated during meditation.
Each object in the palace has significance, representing an aspect of wisdom or reminding the meditator of a guiding principle. The mandala's purpose is to help transform ordinary minds into enlightened ones and to assist with healing. Every tantric system has its own mandala, and thus each one symbolizes a particular existential and spiritual approach.
Procedures to Create Sand Mandalas
The mandala sand painting process begins with an opening ceremony, during which the lamas consecrate the site and call forth the forces of goodness. The monks chant and dance in resplendent dress.
The lamas begin the work by drawing an outline of the mandala on the wooden platform, which takes the entire day. The following days see the laying of the colored sands, which is done by pouring the sand from traditional metal funnels called chak-pur. Each monk holds a chak-pur in one hand while running a metal rod on its grated surface; the vibration causes the sands to flow like liquid.
Next, starting from the center and concentrically working outwards, the monks use metal funnels to place millions of grains of dyed sand in elaborate patterns. The vibrations of the funnel being grated with a metal rod cause the sands to flow like liquid. The sand used at Manchester Town Hall was actually ground marble from Southern India. Other popular substances are powdered flowers and herbs or grains. In ancient times powdered precious and semi precious gems were also used.
Traditionally most sand mandalas are destroyed shortly after their completion. This is done as a metaphor for the impermanence of life. The sands are swept up and placed in an urn; to fulfill the function of healing, half is distributed to the audience, while the remainder is carried to a nearby body of water, where it is deposited. The waters then carry the healing blessing to the ocean, and from there it spreads throughout the world for planetary healing.